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2 Sheets-Sheet 1. P. BROLIN.

WRENCH.

(No Model,)

No. 484,288. Patented Oct. 11, 1892.

G an

(No Model.)

2 Sheets-Sheet 2. P. BROLIN.

WRENCH.

No. 484,288. Patented 0011.11, 1892.

h 1 I g l lll Ill 7X mumMM a mifveaaeai UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

PETER BROLIN, OF RANSOM, MICHIGAN, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO JOSEPH :H. EDINGER, OF SAME PLACE.

WRENCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 484,288, dated October 11, 1892.

Application filed May 31, 1892. Serial No. 435,018- (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, PETER BROLIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ransom Center, in the county of Hillsdale and State of Michigan, have in vented certain new and useful Improvements in Wrenches; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it ap- [o pertains to make and use the same.

My invention relates to improvements in wrenches; and it consists of the combination, construction, and arrangement ofparts, as will behereinafter fully described and claimed.

To enable others to readily understand my improvements,I have illustrated the same in the accompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is a plan view showing the same supported on the rail of a railway track.

Fig. 2 is a front elevation, part of the operating-lever being broken away. Fig. 3 is a side View of a modified construction of wrench. Fig. 4 is a sectional view on the line 03 0c of Fig. 3, and Fig. 5 is a similar view on the line y y of Fig. 4. Fig. 6 is a detail view of one of the jaws of the wrench.

Like letters of reference denote corresponding parts in the several figures of the drawings, referring to which 0 A designates the head of my improved wrench, which is provided at one end with a series of projecting fingers or prongs a, spaced and arranged so as to surround and bear closely against the sides of a nut, and the rear side or end of said head A has a stemor shank a.

In Fig. 1 I have shown my wrench adapted for turning a nut on a bolt used to secure the fish-plate to the web of one rail of a railway- 0 track. In this connection I employ a supporting-frame B, composed of two parallel side bars or members I) b, provided near one end with the hooks b 17, adapted to fit over or receive the head of a rail 0 and hold said frame in a horizontal position thereon. The bars I) b are firmly secured on the rail by means of set-screws 1), working through said bars and bearing against the head of the rail, and said bars are connected by a cross bar or piece 0, which is rigid or integral with the side bars b b, and which is provided with a suitable bearing to receive the outer end of the stem or shank a of the wrench. On the stem of the shank I fit an operating lever or handle D, which is adapted to turn freely on said shank and the lower portion of which is forked or bifurcated. To the stem or shank a, between the forks of the lever D, I attach a ratchet-wheel D, and within the forked end of the lever D are pivoted pawls E, the lower 6c ends of which are adapted to contact or engage with the teeth on the ratchet D. The pawls E are normally pressed against the ratchet by coiled springs E, inclos ed within the lever D and operating to force the upper ends of the pawls outwardly. On the side of the lever D is centrally pivoted a double latch or keeper F, the arms of which are bent near their outer ends so as to extend across the pawls or fingers E near the upper ends thereof. By turning the latch or keeper F on its pivot the upper end of one of the pawls E will be forced inwardly, thus compressing the coiled spring in rear thereof and raising the lower end of said pawl out of engagement with the ratchet D. By raising and lowering the lever D the pawl which remains in engagement with the ratchetD will at each upstroke of the lever turn said ratchet one tooth, and as the ratchet D is So rigidly secured on the stem or shank aof the wrench the nut engaged by the prongs awill be turned. By reversing the'latch or keeper and forcing the previously-engaged pawl out of engagement with the ratchet D the nut can be unscrewed.

In the modified construction of wrench illustrated in Figs. 3 to 6, inclusive, the head A is composed of two pieces or sectionsff, eachforming one side and a part of the top and bottom, respectively, the two partsbeing secured together by screws or in any other suitable manner. In each side of the body is formed a longitudinal slot G, the sides of one of which are graduated. Within the head A 5 of the wrench are arranged the clamping jaws H, and these jaws are provided in adjacent faces near their outer ends with recesses or sockets h to form teeth or biting-edges 7t, and near their rear ends said jaws are reduced in thickness, such reduced ends being lapped one upon the other and connected to- ICX gether and to the head Aby a bolt K,,provided at one end with a nut L. Each of the jaws H is provided on opposite faces with a projecting guide pin or lug M, which pins fit in ways or grooves N, formed in the inner faces of the sides of the wrench-head. These, groovesN connect with the longitudinal slotsj G at one end and diverge from-their inner ends toward their outer ends. By loosening the nut L the bolt K can be moved forward in the slots G and the pins or lugs M, riding in the diverging grooves or ways N, cause the jaws to separate ormove apartiattheir outer When the jaws have been separated ends. or moved far enough apartto receive the nut or other object desired to be turned by the wrench, the nut Loan-be .tightened and H116 jaws firmly held inithe' proper position. A ratchet-and operatin -lever :similar to those shown in Figs-1 and-2is secured tothe st-em of'the modified wrench justdescribed.

-I am-awarethat-changes -.in the form ;a-nd

proportion of parts and -details of-construction ofthedeviceshereinshownand described as-an embodiment ofmiy invention canbe made without departing from therspirit or ating-lever fulcrumed ion the :stem and providedon opposite-sideswitlrpawlsadapted:to engage the teeth of the =ratchet,-and ialatch orkeeper pivoted=on the lever and bent at intermediate points of its length to pass acrossthe .pawls, substantially as described.

2. A wrench consisting of a head, a stem rigid with said head, a bifurcated lever pivoted on the stem, a ratchet rigidly attached tothe stem within the bifurcated end of the operating-lever, spring-pressed pawls pivoted -within the=bifurcated end of the lever and adapted to engage with the ratchet, and a latch-or keeper centrally pivoted to one side ofthe lever and having its arms bent to extend over opposite edges of the lever and across the pawls on opposite sides of their pivots from the ratchet-wheel, substantially as described, for the purpose specified.

3. A wrench consisting of a hollow head provided with-a longitudinal slot in-opposite sides and having diverging grooves or ways zfor ned in the inner faces ofsaid-jsides, clamp- "ingwjaws spivotally connected together and provided-withprojecting,pins or 1ugs-which .ride'iintheigrcovesi or-ways =in-the-inner=faces of thesides ofithe head,-and.ineansifor movingthejljawslongitudinally of thGrllBildyBllbstantially as shown and described.

4.'The combination, in a wrench, of -the sectional head provided with -a longitudinal slotiin opposite sides and having diverging grooves formed inthe innenfaces of saidsides,

the clamping-jaws having their inner ends 1reducedrandilappedione iupon .the otheri-and proVided-withproj ecting' pins which fitin -the diverging groovesimthe head,a boltcxteudtingthrough'the slots in the-sides ofrthehead :and' the lapped ends of the clamping-jaws,

andanutifitted'on oneend of said bolt, sub- .stantiallygas described.

Intestimony-whereof I affix m y: signature in :presence of two witnesses.

PETER BROLIN.

Witnesses:

:Jos. H. 'EDINGER, CHARLES RODABAUGH. 

